Ha Long—Cam Pha Cities Evolution Analysis Utilizing Remote Sensing Data
نویسندگان
چکیده
Socio-economic development has promoted the modification of land cover patterns in coastal area Ha Long, Cam Pha cities since 1990s. The urban growth, together with intensive coal mining activities, improved life quality residents. However, it also caused many environmental problems this region. Change detection techniques based on post-classification comparison were applied for monitoring spatial and temporal evolution covers. confusion matrix 2001 2019 showed high overall accuracy (97.99%, 94.95%) Kappa coefficient (0.97, 0.92), respectively. Statistics from classified images have revealed that man-made features increased by about 15.32%, while natural features, mangrove jungles, water bodies decreased 10.64%, 1.96%, 2.72%, respectively, presents various dynamics, soft first period (1991–2001), but stronger second (2001–2019) different characteristics. study expresses constraint topographic geologic resources, which prevented area. Such obtained results are very important understanding interactions relations between human phenomena they may help authorities providing indicators maps able to highlight necessary actions sustainable development.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Remote Sensing
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2315-4632', '2315-4675']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051241